What air velocity, pressure, temperature and relative humidity are they extracting the moisture from? Without this information, these efficiency claims are almost worthless.

In limited quantity, this could be good for arid areas. But if it's put into widespread use, what effect will it have on the surrounding flora and fauna? If it dries out the area, will beneficial insects go away, leaving only harmful insects? Will it dry out beneficial organisms' food sources, etc? I hope they research that before everyone puts up their own collector, or huge farms collect for huge cities.

Read the study. It's all there.

Nobody -- since the article says "ideal conditions" one might reasonably conclude that the state result would require such things as high humidity -- and no claim of "efficiency' is made, only a level of output which may be a maximum. All this is relevant only in relation to amounts previously achieved.

Taking this technology further, could it become a less complicated and more inexpensive way to desalinate sea water? Getting fresh, potable water from the ocean on a feasibly massive scale is becoming more and more crucial.

From the article referenced above, "The adsorption cycle was performed on activated MOFs over 24 h at 70% RH and 22 °C."

With the recent high humidity in Sydney this kind of technology could have been put to productive use! I've often wondered why people don't harvest the condensate from their air conditioning systems too.

More from the actual research article:
"The adsorption cycle was performed on activated MOFs over 24 h at 70% RH and 22 °C. In comparison, the desorption was performed at 30% RH and 60 °C to simulate conditions that can easily be achieved for a thermal-mediated desorption process with little to no energy input." That kind of temperature could be achieved from solar heating with little effort. FWIW the Saharan Desert can have a RH of 40% during the night even if it's only 7% to 10% RH during the day time.

I have followed the water-from-the-air developments for many years. I have observed that where the air is humid, there is plenty of water on and in the ground. It just needs to be filtered. We use a Reverse Osmosis filter here in China. In arid areas, there is damn little humidity, and only tiny amounts of water can be extracted from the air. It's not a real solution in the real world.

I would love to see this kind of technology replace the energy heavy desalinization.