Better invest in Indium and Gallium, this is going to change the electronics and welding world and many other industries IF it is economically viable, especially for DIYers. Hope it'll be cheap enough for laymen to buy and use.

I am puzzled here, a good idea yes, but you have to "fasten" the rods to the materials in the first place.....so where is the gain?

This could have saved me a bundle. Poorly designed hinge pivot on my front loading Whirlpool washing machine simply broke because it was made out of zinc alloy and could not sustain the very heavy weight of the front see through glass window. What the company offered as replacement - out of warranty of course - was even worse. Poorly machined and made from alluminium casting !!! I ended up having to buy a new one.

That's pretty awesome. Lots of benefits to this method where traditional soldering and welding maybe found lacking for certain applications.
To me its like a metal velcro that melts together when linked up.

Indium is one of the rarest metals on Earth. I wouldn't hold my breath for it to be used as glue.

In the case where a permanent bond is preferred, how does it perform in thermal cycling regarding the expansion of different materials such as glass & metals?
It seems that the nano structures are inherent in the adhesive, or the application technique?
Sort of a one way liquid Velcro one type of adhesive for each side, they combine surfaces? Set time?
The electronics are mostly permanent applications, even though the processor may be up-graded, simply replace with a better heat sink.

The obvious question here is, how does the initial layer get applied to the surface, and how reliable is it ? Ok, two questions, but critical...

Can other metals or materials offer the same benefits? Can a nano scale adhesive also be undone without toxic or destructive results? Health & Safety issues?

I agree with hkmk23. When something mended with epoxy breaks, it is usually the epoxy that hasn't stuck to the surface. This article is missing the most important part, how does it stick to the surface in the first place.

This might be applied to fibers to reduce pullout length and create a much stronger composite.