This article title is misleading. It would not be possible to transmit electricity from the north Atlantic all over the world. Transmission losses would be so high after just a few hundred miles that it would not be practical or economical. Just another computer simulation that leaves out the most important variables. Such a limited system would also be extremely vulnerable to storms, solar flares, and military attack.

Agree with Bob.
Furthermore, from an article by Matt Ridley:
“world energy demand has been growing at about 2 per cent a year for nearly 40 years.”
“If wind turbines were to supply all of that growth but no more, how many would need to be built each year? The answer is nearly 350,000.”
“At a density of, very roughly, 50 acres per megawatt, typical for wind farms, that many turbines would require a land area [half the size of] the British Isles, including Ireland. Every year. If we kept this up for 50 years, we would have covered every square mile of a land area [half] the size of Russia with wind farms. Remember, this would be just to fulfil the new demand for energy, not to displace the vast existing supply of energy from fossil fuels”.
http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/wind-still-making-zero-energy/
The 'efficiency' of offshore facilities are restricted by the turbines themselves which are already at their physical peak so whilst there might be gains to be made with the consistency of the winds, no gains will be made from the turbines themselves.
And to eradicate all global fossil fuel use, not just merely keep up with the 2% growth in demand for electricity, would probably mean the occupation of most of the Atlantic Ocean with wind turbines.
The concept is preposterous.

Large scale wind farms modify the weather. The UK depends on reliable Atlantic flow for its temerae climate.

Powering the world is a matter of producing electricity on a terawatt scale. What this study shows is that wind has a realistic physical potential to get us into that range, which is something for which we didn't previously have sufficient data. As for doubts expressed by other commenters I suggest to read the actual study which is open access. It addresses them in detail.

Four things come to mind: 1. What happened to the Titanic could happen to wind farms. 2. There is a reason there are so few WWII aircraft still around. They were melted down to build passenger aircraft because there was so little Aluminium. I guess we will be melting down all the Airbus & Boeings and closing the airports. 3. Maintenance is a huge problem coupled with an optimistic 20 year lifespan of these eyesores. 4. Has anyone priced copper wire lately not to mention more plastic in the ocean from insulation?

Grumpyrelic It is in my nature to challenge misinformed opinion-
1. Aluminium- Shortage? Aluminium is abundant, 2nd most common element in Earth's crust. Quoting temporary WW2 shortage is ridiculous, as is 'melting down Boeings'. There is usually an excess of aluminium in today's world due to high demand.
2. Copper wire? Because of its light weight and electrical conductivity, aluminum wire is used for long-distance transmission of electricity. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1256/pdf/ofr2010-1256..pdf
3. NOT the optimal performer in turbine blades, especially offshore. "The TOPSIS method, which is unique in the way of determining the preference order, presented clearer results. From the analysis we observed that if the wind turbine blades are made out of composite materials using carbon fibers, then they possess the high stiffness, low density and long fatigue life." Summary-- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.100.5821&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Jun 27, 2016 - LM 88.4P Wind Turbine Blade. Image courtesy of LM ... Glass fiber material is the primary ingredient for the blade's strength.
4. Service life-- "prove it can withstand 25 years of operation offshore". -- https://www.lmwindpower.com/en/products-and-services/blade-types/longest-blade-in-the-world
5. Maintenance-- Let's combine all costs- design, manufacture, transport & installation, operation, depreciation, etc, etc. NOT just 'maintenance' -- "Wind power is cost-effective. It is one of the lowest-cost renewable energy technologies available today, with power prices offered by newly built wind farms averaging 2 cents per kilowatt-hour, depending on the wind resource and the particular project's financing." https://www.google.co.th/search?q=wind+turbine+maintenance+cost&oq=wind+turbine+maintenance&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l5.16481j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
So your opinion is worthless, the ranting of someone who thinks turbines "eyesores", presumably compared to a coal-fired obscenity belching ash & water vapor from its beautiful cooling towers? Or a production oilfield?
My statements are supported by EVIDENCE, not mere opinion.

Surface warming of the seawater? You mean like from climate change? So does that mean that global warming is a good thing, now?

If these become an economic asset they could support pelagic communities by exporting hydrogen and oxygen.

And no problem to find the "necessary" quantity of rare earth ? And no problem of corrosion ? And, good news, the SUN could provide us much more lectricity...IF electricity storage DO exist, in good robust and economic terms...

The capital cost of erecting and maintaining wind farms as well as having to erect and maintain conventional energy power plants is uneconomic. While wind sounds cheap, the maintenance is high due to ocean salt corrosion and birds damaging blades. Australia has gone through the ultra-green cycle and is paying the price big time right now. Australia produces just 1% of the world's carbon which is less than China's 2% annual INCREASE in carbon production. Australia has determined that coal powered energy is 30% less than wind, mainly due to the cost of maintaining conventional power plants to be used when the wind stops blowing. Are the power plants going to tell people "Sorry, no wind today so no electricity". That's what South Australia has had to do. Look beyond the immediate appeal of wind and solar to the economics of total systems, and relate that back to total energy cost, what that cost contributes to the cost of industrial production, and the resultant competitiveness of American goods versus countries that don't care about carbon. It doesn't do us much good if energy is so expensive that factories go to Mexico to enjoy lower costs.