Materials

SiliconX: Scientists hail new alloy as missing ingredient for next-gen batteries

SiliconX: Scientists hail new alloy as missing ingredient for next-gen batteries
Its creators say SiliconX could be the answer to higher capacity lithium-ion batteries
Its creators say SiliconX could be the answer to higher capacity lithium-ion batteries
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The top black line shows the development of pure silicon capacity in the anode, which has high capacity at the beginning, but decreases rapidly. Turquoise line in the middle shows test results from a battery with the anode material developed by IFE. The bottom line in black shows the capacity of commercially available anode materials
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The top black line shows the development of pure silicon capacity in the anode, which has high capacity at the beginning, but decreases rapidly. Turquoise line in the middle shows test results from a battery with the anode material developed by IFE. The bottom line in black shows the capacity of commercially available anode materials
Its creators say SiliconX could be the answer to higher capacity lithium-ion batteries
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Its creators say SiliconX could be the answer to higher capacity lithium-ion batteries

For years, scientists have seen silicon as a hugely promising material in the world of lithium-ion batteries. The primary reason for this is that using it as the anode could mean batteries with 10 times the capacity of current versions – at least in theory. But in reality, it easily breaks apart as the battery goes through its charging cycles. Scientists at Norway's Institute for Energy Technology are now claiming to have overcome this problem with a new material they call SiliconX.

The researchers describe the new material as the "x factor" they've been looking for, and that is no small claim. For years, scientists around the world have been trying to work out how to stabilize relatively fragile silicon as a battery anode, the electrode through which the electrical current flows into the battery.

And we've seen many experimental technologies show big promise in the lab. Some of the more interesting approaches include putting silicon inside a graphene cage, crushing it into a powder, using it as nanowires measuring a few microns in length, and deploying it in nanoparticle form.

The problem with using regular silicon as an anode is that the particles expand by as much as 400 percent as the battery charges, and then return to normal as it discharges, which causes them to rupture. The scientists at the Institute for Energy Technology say they have overcome this problem with a new silicon alloy that uses a careful mix of silicon nanoparticles and an unnamed material, with work underway to patent the technology.

The team has carried out testing in the lab and says, although the new battery design compromises initially on capacity, its stability throughout charging cycles means that it winds up with far better capacity than a fast-degrading pure silicon anode, and three to five times the charge capacity of the graphite anodes used in today's batteries.

The top black line shows the development of pure silicon capacity in the anode, which has high capacity at the beginning, but decreases rapidly. Turquoise line in the middle shows test results from a battery with the anode material developed by IFE. The bottom line in black shows the capacity of commercially available anode materials
The top black line shows the development of pure silicon capacity in the anode, which has high capacity at the beginning, but decreases rapidly. Turquoise line in the middle shows test results from a battery with the anode material developed by IFE. The bottom line in black shows the capacity of commercially available anode materials

If these kinds of results can be reproduced beyond the lab, it could one day make for mobile phones that only need to be charged twice a week, or electric vehicles that can be driven more than a thousand miles on a single charge. That is still quite a big "if", but the scientists have support from the Research Council of Norway to continue the work and are teaming up with private partners to try and bring SiliconX to market.

Source: Institute for Energy Technology (Norwegian)

6 comments
6 comments
Fast Eddie
This work is really, really important, and we should all hope that NEIT's research - and that of the other dozens of research projects - succeed. In the meantime, Tesla and others are maximizing what can be done with a conservative LiIon design and continuous improvement...and LiIon is already good enough to quickly disrupt the mobility markets. Exciting times!
bergamot69
Phones that only need charging twice a week?
My Nokia, which does have bluetooth and rudimentary internet access, only needs charging once a week!
Jimmbo
If this silicon anode doesn't end up in a solid state battery then I say keep on working on it. The numerous advantages of the latest reported solid state batteries, especially the incredible safety factor, are such that this stable silicon advance is kind of eclipsed. But put the two together and wow, that'd be a real game changer. Now if only they could figure out how to mass produce and get it to market.......
ljaques
Fast Eddie, you're right. This is extremely important research and I wish NEIT the best of luck with it. Exciting times, indeed! I want to build an electric truck, and this tech would really help.
Muzza4
#bergamot69...I think they mean useful phones.
pATREUS
bergamot69 with SiliconX batteries you will be able to charge your ickle Nokia once a month!