Energy

Space-based solar power to be beamed to Iceland by 2030

Space-based solar power to be beamed to Iceland by 2030
Artist's concept of an orbital solar power plant
Artist's concept of an orbital solar power plant
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Artist's concept of an orbital solar power plant
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Artist's concept of an orbital solar power plant

UK startup Space Solar has signed an agreement with Reykjavik Energy that could see Iceland become the first country to receive power beamed from a space-based solar power plant. The 30-MW demonstrator is scheduled to go online by 2030.

Solar power holds the promise of clean electricity but it has a number of problems. Not the least of these is that the Sun has a nasty habit of setting on a daily basis – if it isn't unavailable already due to bad weather.

Since the 1970s, one serious proposal for overcoming the shortcomings of ground-based solar power is to move the collectors off the Earth and into geosynchronous orbit. At an altitude of 22,236 miles (35,786 km), such a power station would remain fixed in the sky in one spot over the Earth where there would be near-continuous sunlight unfiltered by air, clouds, or dust.

By means of vast arrays of photovoltaic solar panels, sunlight could be converted into electricity and then into microwaves, which would be beamed to equally huge arrays of small receivers back on Earth that would convert the microwaves back into electricity and fed into the grid. If these solar collectors were big enough, only three of these could theoretically supply all the power the Earth needs.

That's theoretically. When you get into the engineering details, things tend not to look so rosy. Such orbiting collectors would need to be many square miles in area and the receiving antenna back on Earth would cover the same area as Manhattan Island. Even with the lightest of construction and the cheapest foreseeable launch costs, the expense of such an orbital plant would be astronomical and require creating an entire space-based manufacturing infrastructure to support it. It would also mean developing a technology that can operate autonomously with minimum human intervention for at least 30 years. Even then, the plant would need continuous maintenance.

To make things worse, the system relies on solar panels that are not the most efficient way to generate electricity and would add many conversions and reconversions from collection to customer delivery – and that delivery is across over 22,000 miles. According to NASA, such space-based power would cost 12 to 80 times as much as ground-based renewables.

Such challenges have not prevented the likes of Caltech from experimenting with beaming power from orbit and Space Solar seems to be confident enough to try for a demonstration plant as part of a commercial venture with Icelandic private climate initiative Transition Labs. In fact, the company claims that it will be able to scale up its demonstrator by 2036 to gigawatt capacity and it is scouting additional receiver sites in Iceland, Canada, and northern Japan.

"Space-based solar power offers unparalleled benefits with competitive energy costs and 24/7 availability," Martin Soltau, co-CEO of Space Solar. "Reykjavik Energy’s recognition of the potential for space-based solar to drive the energy transition is exciting, and we’re thrilled to be working together in partnership toward a sustainable future."

Source: Space Solar

12 comments
12 comments
-dphiBbydt
In Iceland, of all places? A land so full of ancient sunlight stored in unlimited quantities a few metres below their feet.
BanisterJH
While Iceland is one place I've never thought of as lacking in electrical power, it's cool that they're willing to try this.
windykites
Iceland has constant geothermal energy, for cheap electricity. The energy is not from sunlight, but is from radioactive decay, as far as I know.
Ranscapture
Sending massive incredibly powered microwaves through our ozone layer and all the other layers, through our entire atmosphere where things fly around. What could go wrong?
ANTIcarrot
@Ranscapture - Nothing is going to happen. Even 500W/M^2 wouldn't even affect ozone by a percentage point. And this experiment isn't going to hit those intensities due to focal issues.
https://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/doc/ARI/ARI%20Study%20Report/ACT-RPT-NRG-ARI-04-9102-Environmental_impacts_of%20microwave_beams-Report.pdf
christopher
Problem: global warming.
Solution: beam *more* radiation into our planet.
Captain Obvious
A hydrogen pipeline from the sun seems more plausible.
TechGazer
I'm surprised that the demonstration system is geosynchronous. Far cheaper to put it in lower orbits, reducing launch costs and transmitter size. Lower orbit requires many receivers for the satellites to switch between, and many satellites, but for testing the concept, one satellite will provide useful data. Add in a couple more receivers to test the switching operation.

This is similar to fusion R&D: doing projects not with the expectation that it will produce immediate economic success, but rather with the expectation that it will uncover unexpected engineering problems and need a long R&D process before finally providing something useful. There are likely to be useful spin-offs along the way.
mediabeing
Was hoping the final test was next week. Oh well.
Brian M
Good luck and suspect they will need lots of it for this project. Wonder if anyone has considered the risk of Coronal Mass Ejection(CME) from the sun?
Could end up with a lot of fried gear, can play enough havoc down on earth as it is!

Lots of ingenuity required......

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