By enabling users to communicate and control devices with their thoughts, brain-computer interfaces (BCI) hold almost a scary amount of potential. While they have achieved feats such as directing the flight of a quadcopter and helping victims of paralysis to communicate, sufferers of brainstem stroke with "locked-in" syndrome have so far been beyond reach. But now, a researcher at East Tennessee Sate University (ETSU) has demonstrated BCIs may in fact give brainstem stroke patients a voice again, with very specific brainwaves serving as a typing finger for a virtual keyboard.
“We have significant research showing that BCI is beneficial to ALS patients [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disorder that results in muscle wasting]," says Dr Eric Sellers, associate professor of Psychology at ETSU and leader of the study. "But until now there were no studies that looked specifically at patients with a brainstem stroke to see if it worked for them as well."
Over 13 months, Sellers worked with a brainstem stroke patient suffering from locked-in syndrome, a condition where the person is aware of their surroundings but unable to move any muscles other than the eyes. With sensors positioned on the scalp to monitor brain activity, the study hinged on a common brain response called P300, which occurs around 300 milliseconds following the detection of a meaningful stimulus.
With a model of a computer keyboard positioned in front the user, they were advised to focus on the key that they wanted to type. The BCI then randomly flashed numbers and letters in front of their eyes in quick succession. When the item the user is focusing on flashes, a P300 occurs, with the computer then recognizing this as selection of the key and compiling the words the patient wished to communicate. The patient was able to correctly spell words and communicate with family members in 40 out of 62 sessions with the BCI.
“Locked-in syndrome is associated with conditions other than ALS, and this study suggests that BCI may be useful regardless of the precipitating event that caused the condition,” says Sellers.
The research was published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
Source: East Tennessee State University
transcranial bci in particular are more or less garbage. bci is an information transmission system, one that generally takes a signal from sensors and sends it from the skull to the computer. the developers of bci are working with a poor quality signal which is produced by sensing the aggregate activity of many many neurons , a signal that goes through the skull and scalp , and then gets to the sensor.
the signal is of low quality, and any non-disabled person is thus better able to communicate with their eyes ears hand and , especially, verbal commands. their ordinary, god given bci's---
the true future of some 'advanced ' bci is not transcranial it is intracranial-----neurological implants that are invasive.
they have been in development for many many years and will continue to be. meaninful invasive bci technology experiments on rats have been all over the science news recently. and no doubt, the technology will slowly be extended to invasive bio-medical devices implanted in human brains.