Environment

Work begins on Mammoth, the world's largest CO2 direct air capture plant

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Climeworks has broken ground on Mammoth, which is set to become the world's largest direct air capture plant
Climeworks
Climeworks has broken ground on Mammoth, which is set to become the world's largest direct air capture plant
Climeworks
Construction is now underway on Climework's new direct air capture plant
Climeworks

The ultimate contribution that direct air capture might make in helping us address climate change remains to be seen, but there's no shortage of startups, governments and research groups driving the technology forward. Chief among them is Swiss outfit Climeworks, which has today broken ground on its second direct air capture (DAC) plant in Iceland, and one that marks significant progress in its ambitions of removing gigatons of CO2 from the atmosphere each year by 2050.

Climeworks has operated at the cutting edge of direct air capture technology for some time, switching on the world's first "negative emission" power plant in 2017. This came about through a collaboration with carbon storage company CarbFix, which in 2016 made a major breakthrough in this area by demonstrating how CO2 can be mineralized in less than two years, rather than the hundreds or even thousands that it traditionally takes.

That pilot plant was capable of safely stowing 12.5 tons of CO2 every three months, and paved the way for Climeworks' first proper direct air capture plant, which began operation in Iceland last year. Orca, as the plant is called, is capable of absorbing 4,000 tons of CO2 each year and features a modular design consisting of stackable units, which will be key to the company's plans of scaling up its operations.

Climeworks has now broken ground on its second commercial direct air capture plant, which will also employ a modular architecture and is designed to soak up 36,000 tons of CO2 each year. Construction is expected to take 18 to 24 months, with CarbFix to store the captured carbon once operations begin. As with Orca, renewable energy will be used to run the direct air capture and storage systems.

Construction is now underway on Climework's new direct air capture plant
Climeworks

"Today is a very important day for Climeworks and for the industry as construction begins on our newest, large-scale direct air capture and storage plant," said Jan Wurzbacher, co-founder and co-CEO of Climeworks. "With Mammoth, we can leverage our ability to quickly multiply our modular technology and significantly scale our operations. We are building the foundation for a climate relevant gigaton-scale capacity, and we are starting deployment now to remain on track for this."

Now seems like a good time to note that humankind belches out more than 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year, so countering this sizable addition to atmospheric CO2 would take a lot of Mammoths and a whole lot more Orcas. But Climeworks is under no illusions as to the task at hand, and sees its first plants as early but important stepping stones on a very long journey.

The US government has recently announced billions in new funding for direct air capture research, while startups from Australia to London are joining the effort by leveraging everything from solar power to carbon-gobbling algae. For its part, Climeworks is aiming to scale up to megaton-scale removal by the end of this decade, and then gigaton-scale by 2050.

“Based on most successful scale-up curves, reaching gigaton by 2050 means delivering at multi-megaton scale by 2030," said Christoph Gebald, co-founder and co-CEO of Climeworks. "Nobody has ever built what we are building in DAC, and we are both humble and realistic that the most certain way to be successful is to run the technology in the real world as fast as possible. Our fast deployment cycles will enable us to have the most robust operations at multi-megaton scale.”

Source: Climeworks

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19 comments
Robert
Was there a single large scale CO2 capture project that worked out? It seem to be going on for decades now. There is plan, and it either fails or stores 1% of what was planned. At this point carbon capture seem to be fig leaf of oil industry allowing them to pretend to do something about problem they created, just kicking ball down the road until they finish squeezing all available profits before vanishing in thin air with money.
martinwinlow
Puzzled as why the CO2 needs to be pumped into bedrock to form calcium carbonate (is this what 'mineralization means?) when you can achieve the same thing by just bubbling CO2 through hard water - like we used to do in school...?
Bob Stuart
How is this being financed? To me, it would seem more secure to establish a self-supporting industry that sells some of the captured carbon as a liquid fuel to subsidize the storage. Using that turns any gas-guzzler into a carbon-negative green machine, without all the energy use of replacing the vehicle and it's fuel infrastructure. The company could expect tax breaks a lot more confidently than a permanent subsidy in chaotic times.
@ Robert - many CCS projects have been designed to fail, or to pump more oil. It has to be done by organizations without ulterior motives.
pbethel
I hope they study how the surrounding plant life responds to reduced atmospheric CO2.
A-A-Ron
@Robert - the article cites the Climeworks Pilot Plant as a large scale CO2 capture project that was successful. Hence the expansion to an even larger scale.
@martinwinlow - if you just bubble the CO2 through hard water - some of the CO2 gets converted into calcium carbonate, the rest goes back into the atmosphere (not desirable)
@Bob Stuart - if someone wants to mass produce a car that runs on CO2, by all means, they should go for it! As of now, that doesn't exist, so this is a better option.
@pbethel - This operation is removing excess CO2 from the atmosphere, and a small percentage at that. There's still plenty to be had by plants.
Karmudjun
@pbethel - The history of photosynthesis IS the study of enzymes and gas savaging carrier molecules plucking CO2 from the air when it is less than 0.01% of the atmosphere. Fossil record as most modern plants survived well in the 1600's when CO2 was ridiculously lower than today. They teach that in Chemistry & Biochemistry classes as well as upper level plant biology classes. We learned from plants who to perform enzymatic synthesis in labs....but I appreciate your concern.
DavidSG
A giant white mamoth!
Sciencie
Wow , now the next generation SHOULD start worrying. I wonder what the optimal CO2 level is.
warmer
How long once it is operational will it take just to offset the carbon released to create all the materials/construction of said project?

While I like ideas like this, the time it takes to be at a net loss of CO2, is a dealbreaker for me. This tech isnt mature enough to be environmentally viable.
Eddy
Hope they let us know when they have dropped the world CO2 and temp level by any amount. Probably more effective to give away free contraception.