One of the challenges facing designers of traditional flat solar panels is the fact that the sun doesn't conveniently stay in one place. This means that in order for a panel to receive as much sunlight as possible, it has to pan with the sun as it moves across the sky. While there are motorized assemblies designed to do just that, they add complexity, weight and expense to photovoltaic systems. Now, however, University of Michigan scientists have developed a simpler alternative – and it's based on the ancient Japanese cut-paper art of kirigami.
The U Michigan engineers consulted with Matthew Shlian, a paper artist who also lectures at the university's School of Art and Design. He showed them a kirigami pattern that would suite their purposes, which basically consisted of stacked lines of dashes cut into a piece of paper.
Doctoral student Aaron Lamoureux and associate professor Max Shtein reproduced an advanced version of that pattern on a sheet of Kapton plastic, that already had individual solar cells adhered to it.
When left alone, that sheet sits flat. When it's stretched, however, the strips of plastic between the cuts (and the solar cells that are on them) twist to one side – it's possible to finely control how much they twist, by modulating the degree to which the sheet is stretched. Mounted under glass in a flat photovoltaic panel, the cells can turn to stay facing the sun, even though the panel itself doesn't.
When tested in a setup simulating the summer solstice in Arizona, it was found that the kirigami panel was able to produce 36 percent more energy than a traditional panel. A conventional motorized sun-tracking system only performed slightly better, at 40 percent.
"We think it has significant potential, and we're actively pursuing realistic applications," says Shtein. "It could ultimately reduce the cost of solar electricity."
A paper on the research was recently published in journal Nature Communications. The sheet's twisting action is demonstrated in the following video.
Source: University of Michigan
It's blatantly obvious trigonometry. If you don't tilt the entire panel, it's surface area relating to the angle of the sun remains unchanged.
And, LOL "simulating the summer solstice in Arizona" - I can smell the snake-oil from here. Why did they do a "simulated" test, instead of putting this, you know, outside - like, where the *sun* shines?
Sure they get a bit curved in the axis perpendicular to the light rays, but not horribly so, my guess that is the reason why this method is a bit less effective than actually turning the entire panel.
The tradeoff to me is that the panel has to be wider than usual to allow the stretching, allowing for less surface area when the panel is unstretched, in the video it looks like you need quite the margin. It also only goes in one direction, but I guess it's still more efficient than a static panel.
I wonder how many degrees of tilt can be induced.