Science

"Light-shrinking" slide boosts the resolution of existing microscopes

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A sample of the slide material, with its special coating
Junxiang Zhao
A sample of the slide material, with its special coating
Junxiang Zhao
One of the slides being used in an ordinary light microscope (also known as an optical microscope)
Junxiang Zhao
Comparison of images taken by a light microscope without the hyperbolic metamaterial (left column) and with the hyperbolic metamaterial (right column): two close fluorescent beads (top row), quantum dots (middle row), and actin filaments in Cos-7 cells (bottom row)
Adapted from Nature Communications
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Most conventional light microscopes have a resolution of 200 nanometers – this means that imaged objects which are any closer to one another won't be seen as separate items. A new high-tech microscope slide, however, boosts that figure to 40 nanometers.

Developed by scientists at the University of California-San Diego, the slide is coated with a "hyperbolic metamaterial" made up of nanometer-thin alternating layers of silica glass and silver.

When light passes through this coating, its wavelength is shortened, and the light gets scattered to create a speckled pattern. A sample mounted on the slide gets illuminated from numerous angles via this speckled short-wavelength light pattern, resulting in series of low-resolution images of that sample. A linked computer subsequently utilizes a reconstruction algorithm to combine those separate images, producing one composite high-resolution image.

As a result, an ordinary light microscope using one of the slides is able to image much smaller objects than was previously possible. In tests conducted so far, the slide enabled such a microscope to image individual actin protein filaments in fluorescently labeled cells, and to image microscopic fluorescent beads and quantum dots which were spaced 40 to 80 nanometers apart.

One of the slides being used in an ordinary light microscope (also known as an optical microscope)
Junxiang Zhao

The scientists are now adapting the technology to image subcellular structures within living cells. Ordinarily, an electron microscope would be required in order to image such tiny structures – even then, it couldn't do so in a living cell, as its samples would have to be placed within a vacuum chamber.

A paper on the research, which is being led by Prof. Zhaowei Liu, was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.

Source: UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering

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1 comment
Karmudjun
Thanks for the synopsis Ben - this clearly is an advance in light microscopy that had seemed virtually impossible 30 years ago. The resolution afforded by an electron microscope was at the cost of tissue viability - there is so much going on in living cells that we cannot see using electron-microscopy. Now maybe the computer can knit together images that explain the how to so many ongoing cellular activities