Ammonia

The second-most produced chemical in the world, ammonia is used in huge volumes in agriculture, among other industries. Current production techniques are dirty and energy-intensive, but green ammonia has considerable potential as a clean fuel, storing more than 20 times as much energy by weight as today's lithium batteries.

R&D work is advancing quickly on new green ammonia production methods, ammonia engines for heavy marine, aviation, trucks, trains and mining equipment, and combustion-free ammonia fuel cells for converting it directly into electricity.

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