You'll need to solve a riddle to beat this shrine quest and open the Bareeda Naag shrine. Here's how it's done.
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If you haven't got the quest yet, find Bedoli in Rito Village. She sings you the first half of a song, which you'll need to repeat to Bedoli's sister Laissa, who you can find in a hut nearby.
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Now you know the full song: "The pride of the Rito, pillar in the sky, its heart lights up when the sun is high, the heart shines upon a path not whole, but a warming flame can stir its soul."
Wait until just midday, and head to this point. Don't miss the Korok hiding under the rock:
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Looking south, you should see a heart-shaped hole in the shadow cast by Rito Village. At about 12:40pm, you'll see a platform start to glow in the sun.
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Glide over and use a flame arrow to "stir its soul" and reveal the Bareeda Naag shrine.
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There are two cannons inside. The first is necessary to complete the shrine, and the second is optional yet worthwhile, as it reveals a chest with a diamond inside.
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Drop your round bombs into the cannons, and time your detonation to get your shots through the moving obstacles and onto the target.