Drones

In an aviation first, Boeing drone refuels another aircraft in mid-air

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The MQ-25 T1 and the F/A-18 Super Hornet, connected via the drone's fuel hose
Kevin Flynn
The MQ-25 T1 and the F/A-18 Super Hornet, connected via the drone's fuel hose
Kevin Flynn
The refuelling exercise came after 25 prior test flights of the MQ-25 T1
Kevin Flynn

For the first time ever, an un-crewed aircraft has successfully refuelled another aircraft while both planes were in flight. In the test, Boeing's MQ-25 T1 aerial tanker drone transferred jet fuel to a US Navy F/A-18 Super Hornet.

Codenamed the Stingray by the Navy, the MQ-25 T1 was developed and built at Boeing's facilities in St. Louis, Missouri, after the aerospace company won a US$805 million US Navy contract. The prototype drone made its first autonomous flight at the MidAmerica St. Louis Airport in 2019, although no refuelling was performed at that time.

Such was not the case on June 4th of this year, however, when the autonomously flying MQ-25 refuelled a piloted F/A-18 Super Hornet in mid-air. The fighter pilot started by flying in close formation below and behind the drone, at which point the MQ-25 released and extended its fuel-delivery drogue – this is essentially a funnel-like receptacle on the end of a long hose.

The pilot then moved in so that the drogue was able to couple with the F/A-18's nose-mounted fuel probe, at which point jet fuel was transferred from the MQ-25 to the Super Hornet. According to Boeing, both aircraft were flying at "operationally relevant speeds and altitudes."

The refuelling exercise came after 25 prior test flights of the MQ-25 T1
Kevin Flynn

Ultimately, plans call for Stingray tanker drones to operate off of aircraft carriers, taking to the air to refuel passing F/A-18 Super Hornets, EA-18G Growlers and F-35C Lightning II aircraft. That task is currently performed by piloted F/A-18s, which have to be removed from combat duty in order to do so.

"This history-making event is a credit to our joint Boeing and Navy team that is all-in on delivering MQ-25's critical aerial refuelling capability to the fleet as soon as possible," says Leanne Caret, president and CEO of Boeing Defense, Space & Security.

The MQ-25 T1 is now due to be shipped to Norfolk, Virginia, where it will the subject of aircraft carrier deck trials later this year.

You can watch the refuelling exercise for yourself, in the video below.

Source: Boeing

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6 comments
CAVUMark
Great accomplishment. Love the dramatic music... it always moves me.
vince
I wonder if electric planes could be 'fueled' in mid-flight allowing for longer ranges? It would take a pretty substantial set of electronics to transfer the necessary charge in a very short amount of time (like in 5 minutes or less) !
freddotu
@vince, I suspect that such an aerial refueling system would involve a high capacity electrical generation system powered by the UAV's jet engine, but it certainly sounds possible.
Nelson Hyde Chick
It is just so heartwarming to know we are making killing one another more and more efficient.
MQ
@vince. If that were to be contemplated an autonomous docking flying battery system may be smarter -jetison the used pod/tank and accept the new one. Full reuseabiiity simple provisioning en route (not saying it would be easy)

PS. For real useful payloads and ranges battery propulsion is a long way off. Fuecell stacks are probably more promising as their "fuel" can be stored in pumpable form factors.
Kpar
One question not mentioned. Who controls the fuel flow? In manned tankers, the operator turns the flow on and off, once the desired amount has been offloaded, perhaps leaving enough fuel for the next thirsty plane.