Assembly has been completed on the first test engine that will power DARPA's Boeing-built, next generation spaceplane. Built by Aerojet Rocketdyne , the first updated AR-22 rocket engine for the Phantom Express project will be used in ground tests to demonstrate not only its performance capabilities, but its fast turnaround design.
DARPA's Phantom Express is designed to provide the US government with a fast way to put small payloads of 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) into low Earth orbit at short notice at a cost of only about US$5 million per flight. It consists of a self-contained vertical launch vehicle about the size of a business jet that lifts off from a launch pad, goes into a suborbital, hypersonic trajectory, and releases a small, expendable second stage at the edge of space before returning to base and landing like a conventional aircraft.
Key to this is the AR-22 engine, an updated version of the reusable main engines that propelled the NASA Space Shuttle into orbit. Burning a mixture of cryogenic liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, the AR-22 develops 375,000 lb of thrust, which should be adequate for the job, but its key selling point of the new version is that it's much more durable than its predecessor.
When the Space Shuttle first flew in the 1980s, it was envisioned as a workhorse ship that would launch on a regular basis with a turnaround time of only two weeks. Unfortunately, the Shuttle was really an early experimental craft that was pushed into service before the bugs were worked out, and the fortnight turnaround became months.
To prevent this from happening with Phantom Express, the new AR-22 is much more reliable and easier to refurbish. It can fly for 55 missions with servicing only every 10. To speed up turnarounds, the engines will be installed in a hinged nacelle for better access and the entire spacecraft will use an operations procedure similar to those developed for aircraft.
The first AR-22 engines will be used for daily hot-fire tests at Rocketdyne's Stennis Space Center facility in Mississippi to demonstrate that it can handle multi-mission conditions and that the fast turnarounds are both feasible and practical. In addition, Rocketdyne says that the test information will help spaceplane builder Boeing to improve the Phantom Express ground infrastructure.
"Phantom Express builds on our legacy of reusable space flight experience to provide the ability to quickly augment and replace on-orbit capabilities, which face an increasing array of threats from potential adversaries," says Eileen Drake, Aerojet Rocketdyne CEO and president. "Our immediate task is to demonstrate this rapid turnaround capability for this engine on the ground, paving the way for a demonstration program."
Source: Aerojet Rocketdyne
