Energy

The glowing dye that could enable liquid-based batteries for powering homes and cars

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Feel the energy within: could this dye be used to power your home or car in the future?
Douglas Levere
More power to science: PhD student Kosswattaarachchi with a flask containing super dye BODIPY
Douglas Levere
Meet the researchers: Lead scientist Timothy Cook and first author Anjula M. Kosswattaarachchi of the University at Buffalo
Douglas Levere
The researchers mixed PM 567 with a solvent called acetonitrile to create the dye solution for their experiments
Douglas Levere
Feel the energy within: could this dye be used to power your home or car in the future?
Douglas Levere
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Rising sea and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have made the search for efficient sources of renewable energy more urgent than ever before. While options such as solar and wind power have been gaining momentum, in order for these energy sources to go mainstream, the issue of storage needs to be addressed. That answer might just lie in an unlikely material – a fluorescent dye known as BODIPY.

Researchers at the University at Buffalo say BODIPY – short for boron-dipyrromethene – hides two "unusual" chemical properties that make it a potential candidate for stockpiling energy in a redox flow battery: storing electrons and participating in electron transfer. This discovery is potentially significant because next-gen batteries need to do these two things very well in order to store and deliver energy at grid scale. BODIPY, which is also used as a sensor to identify proteins, is "very good" at performing these functions, say the researchers led by Dr. Timothy Cook and first author Anjula M. Kosswattaarachchi.

"As the world becomes more reliant on alternative energy sources, one of the huge questions we have is, 'How do we store energy?' What happens when the sun goes down at night, or when the wind stops?" says lead researcher Cook. "All these energy sources are intermittent, so we need batteries that can store enough energy to power the average house."

Redox flow batteries could potentially address this problem as their energy tanks can easily be enlarged to store vast amounts of energy without a corresponding exponential increase in cost, which is in contrast to other systems, such as Lithium-ion (Li-ion) technology. Although champions of flow technology say these batteries are safer and more cost-effective compared to the Li-ion variety, which currently dominates the market for battery-based energy storage systems, they have not been able to reach the same level of commercial success despite developments promising to lower costs and double energy density. Can BODIPY give redox flow batteries the jolt they need?

More power to science: PhD student Kosswattaarachchi with a flask containing super dye BODIPY
Douglas Levere

To test how well a BODIPY-based battery would run, the team dissolved PM 567, a powdered BODIPY dye, in a solvent and repeatedly charged and drained it for the duration of 100 cycles. They found that the compound was able to store and transfer electrons for the entire period without degrading, unlike many other chemicals. Although the researchers only tested PM 567, since different BODIPY varieties share chemical properties, based on the results, it is possible other dyes would be able to store energy just as well. Based on the test results, the researchers predict BODIPY batteries would be able to generate an estimated 2.3 volts of electricity.

The researchers mixed PM 567 with a solvent called acetonitrile to create the dye solution for their experiments
Douglas Levere

On a separate note, the study's use of a single substance for the redox storage in both the cathodic and the anodic compartment is another notable feature, points out Roland Roesler, an associate professor in inorganic chemistry at the University of Calgary, who was not involved in the research.

"This study adds to the body of knowledge in the field, especially in regard to the non-aqueous systems, and helps bring it closer to applications," says Roesler. "All redox flow batteries produced on applicative scale to date have been water based, and although there is a lot of promise for future development, neither of the existing systems could be called a commercial success. Most notably, this study uses one single substance for the redox storage in both the cathodic and the anodic compartment. This is a major advantage akin to that of the vanadium system, which has been by far the most successful so far."

Elaborating on this, Ted Roberts, a professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at the University of Calgary, who was also not part of the study tells New Atlas that such an arrangement could be advantageous operationally.

"The most highly developed system uses vanadium on both sides, but when discharged the vanadium is in a different oxidation state (i.e. a different species of vanadium) on each side," Roberts says. "Having the same chemical on both sides could give some important operational benefits, since cross-over through the battery membrane shouldn't affect performance, and if the battery gets out of balance this can be resolved simply by mixing the two solutions (for other redox battery chemistries a complex rebalancing system can be required)."

That said, the study of BODIPY's role in energy storage is still in its nascent stage and whether such a system can eventually find its way into a large-scale production is up for debate. This is because it also shares some of the features – such as low solubility and conductivity, which translate into low energy density and performance – that characterize redox flow batteries based on organic solvents, observes Roesler.

"There is a lot of work that needs to be done until then, and the need for such systems suitable for grid energy storage will increase sharply with the proportion of renewable energy delivered to the grid," he says.

The team's findings were published in ChemsusChem.

Source: University at Buffalo

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7 comments
Jeff J Carlson
Rising sea and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels ? yes and they have been for 150 years ... so what ?
Bob Stuart
Lithium is big in the news, but lead-acid is still the world champion for low cost and total watt-hours.
CharlieSeattle
Liquid plasma containment for Fusion Reactor maybe...?
Paul Anthony
If I understand this correctly the battery medium is a liquid with some sort of membrane between them. If one could set up a fueling station where the spent liquid is replaced with charged liquid one could have an Electric vehicle that is fueled similar to ICE powered vehicles. One of the advantages of such a station would be that, unlike gasoline that has to be trucked in, the spent liquid would be delivered with each new customer, and then recharged using electricity only to be cycled again and put to use. Of course there are all kinds of hazards over looked here, but I suspect that a standard gasoline pump is full of such hazards as well.
Douglas Bennett Rogers
A good battery system plus a good personal air vehicle could open vast amounts of land.
JasonWillhite
@Jeff J Carlson, Wouldn't that just suck if we made the world a better place for nothing. As a side note Jeff must not know anything about fossil fuel EROI trends. Aside from environmental reasons, fossil fuels will eventually have to become phased out. Not because we'll run out, but because it will be too uneconomic to extract. During the oil boom, where men would strike oil just digging for water wells, EROI (energy returned on energy invested) was roughly 1200-2000 : 1. Where one unit of energy would yield up to 1200 or more units of energy. Tar Sands in Canada and Arctic drilling have a EROI of roughly 4-6:1. When the amount of energy you're using is the same as the amount of energy you're extracting, you may as well just use what you have. There would be no economic incentive to extract oil at that point. If we are at such a low EROI now, what makes anyone think that the harder to reach oil will have significantly higher EROI?
GordonDolan
It's already here- http://www.nanoflowcell.com/quant/