Diet & Nutrition

"Golden Lettuce" genetically engineered to pack 30 times more vitamins

"Golden Lettuce" is genetically engineered to have higher levels of the antioxidant beta-carotene, hence the yellow color
IBMCP
"Golden Lettuce" is genetically engineered to have higher levels of the antioxidant beta-carotene, hence the yellow color
IBMCP

Most of us don’t eat as much fruit and veggies as we know we should, but that goal might now be a bit more achievable. Scientists in Spain have engineered a new “Golden Lettuce” with 30 times more nutrients than the regular green stuff.

Lettuce isn’t the most exciting vegetable, but you’ll often find it padding out sandwiches, wraps, stews and other meals as a way to cram in extra nutrients (and cut restaurant costs). But maybe there’s a way to get more health benefits out of less lettuce.

A team from the Research Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP) has now genetically engineered the humble lettuce to boost its nutrients. Specifically, they increased the levels of an antioxidant called beta-carotene, which your body uses to make vitamin A. This is important for healthy vision, immune function, and cell growth, and is thought to be protective against Alzheimer’s, heart disease and some kinds of cancer.

Beta-carotene is usually found in high amounts in vegetables like carrots, pumpkin, and sweet potato. As you might guess, the common theme across those veggies is an orange color, and the new lettuce is no exception. Higher amounts of beta-carotene stains the leaves a striking yellow color, hence the nickname Golden Lettuce.

The levels of beta-carotene in the Golden Lettuce leaves were up to 30 times higher than those of regular lettuce. Not only that, but these antioxidants were more bioaccessible too, meaning our digestive systems can extract them more easily from our food.

Increasing those levels wasn’t completely straightforward, however. Beta-carotene is normally produced in a plant’s chloroplasts, the cellular structures that perform photosynthesis – but if you jam too much in there, it reduces the plant’s ability to gain energy from sunlight. So, the team found a way to move the antioxidant into different parts of the plant cells.

“Our work has successfully produced and accumulated beta-carotene in cellular compartments where it is not normally found by combining biotechnological techniques and treatments with high light intensity,” said Manual Rodríguez Concepción, lead author of the study.

This Golden Lettuce could soon join a genetically enhanced salad with more nutritious radishes and peas, and antioxidant-rich purple tomatoes and potatoes.

The research was published in the Plant Journal.

Source: IBMCP

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6 comments
TechGazer
I vaguely recall a comment about how beta-carotene isn't all that useful as a source of VitA. Some nutrient theories sound good, but are there studies that show that a diet rich in beta-carotene, for example, makes a significant difference in a person't health?
Grimblebug
Consuming multiples of the recommended daily intake of beta-carotene can lead to several known side effects. The most common is carotenemia, a harmless yellowing of the skin. Other effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and potential increased lung cancer risk in smokers. High doses may interfere with vitamin A absorption. Possible but unconfirmed side effects include oxidative stress, medication interactions, and impacts on immune function and reproductive health. Long-term metabolic effects and interference with other carotenoid absorption are also potential concerns. While beta-carotene from food is generally safe, risks are more associated with high-dose supplements. The body regulates beta-carotene conversion to vitamin A, preventing toxicity, but long-term effects of extremely high intake remain unclear. More research is needed to fully understand potential risks.
Karmudjun
Wow - they have made such a breakthrough in lettuce nutritional gains! The average lettuce runs about 1000micrograms of beta carotene per 1 cup serving, and to kick it up to 30 times that means it may equal the beta-carotene found in sweet potatoes! Thanks Michael, whether or not I choose to eat gmo salads, I think it would be useful for most of the inner cities food desert areas where obesity and malnutrition go hand in hand. But for me, I prefer Sweet potatoes to boost my beta carotene levels, and enjoy the other health benefits of such natural non-gmo foods prepared at home. But more research in this areas will yield necessary information!
Techutante
90% of people won't eat enough even at those levels to get too much beta carotene. You have to eat about 10 whole large carrots a day for several weeks to start to over-consume. This, if it's at the highest possible level for lettuce would be maybe half that? Hard to say. Anyway I'm sure this is not coming to consumers anytime soon. You'd maybe sprinkle a little in with other salad stuff if it was. Who's to say if it tastes good?
Chase
30 times more vitamins!
*Well, actually, 30 times more of one specific vitamin.
**Well, 30 times more beta-carotene, which the body uses to make vitamin A.
VicCherikoff
30 times the beta-carotene. Wow. Now we only need to eat half a shipping container-load of lettuce. A bit of maths would have helped . 30 x zero is still zero. This is the stupidity of a lot of nutritional advice. Eat Brassica vegetables for the sulphoraphane it delivers. Only problem is that we cook most of the dozen or so cultivars of the humble, ancestral broccoli. This denatures myrosinase which is the enzyme which converts glucorafinin, a carbohydrate in the Brassicas to make sulphorapane. This is the antioxidant nutrient-extraordinaire in these vegetables. To get a reasonable amount, we would need to 1) eat about a carton load of broccoli - raw and chewed well. Or 2) reserve 25% of your serving of broccoli to be eaten raw and along with the cooked vege on your plate.

This part-white lettuce is another example of over-emphasizing the presence of a nutrient to elevate the food quality to boost sales.

Besides, everyone knows that we only stick lettuce on a sandwich to stop the watery tomato slices from making the bread soggy.