Enzyme
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A team of researchers has found that hungry little critters known as "superworms" have a healthy appetite for polystyrene, which they were able to trace to specific enzymes in the worms' gut bacteria that convert the plastic waste into energy.
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Scientists have leveraged machine learning to engineer an enzyme that degrades some forms of plastic in just 24 hours, with a stability and affordability that makes it well-suited to large-scale adoption.
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In pursuit of a circular economy for plastic waste, scientists have discovered a new enzyme that helps break down one of its key building blocks, leaving simple molecules that can be repurposed for use in new products.
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Matching blood types from donor to recipient is a major problem in organ donation. Researchers have now developed an enzyme treatment to convert donated organs to the universal O blood type, allowing them to be safely transplanted into any patient.
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Modern medicine is locked in an arms race against antibiotic-resistant “superbugs.” A new treatment may give us the upper hand again by knocking out enzymes that bacteria use to defend themselves against the drugs.
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The CRISPR gene-editing system is built on a bacterial defense mechanism that allows scientists to make precise edits to DNA. Now scientists at MIT have discovered a new class of enzymes called OMEGAs that perform a similar function, perhaps better.
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The CRISPR gene-editing system is usually associated with the Cas9 protein, but that’s not the only option. Stanford scientists have now developed a CRISPR tool called CasMINI, using a much smaller protein that's able to enter human cells more easily.
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Scientists have worked out a way to embed active enzymes in plastic that can give it different capabilities, such as an ability to break down proteins on the surface or degrade itself to avoid polluting the environment.
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With their often high-sugar diets and lax brushing habits, many children are particularly susceptible to cavities. An experimental new treatment could help, however, using enzymes to weaken the plaque that forms on the teeth.
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Scientists at Cambridge have demonstrated a new method to fight leukemia, by targeting overactive enzymes that can lead to the disease. If the results of mice tests carry across to humans, it could be the first of a new class of cancer drugs.
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Most plastics don’t break down easily – and when they do, they create problematic microplastic particles. A new type of compostable plastic is embedded with enzymes that, when triggered, quickly break the material down to its constituent molecules.
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Researchers have discovered a novel protein that can trigger the proliferation of muscle stem cells and promote healing, offering hope not only to those who have torn a muscle, but also the elderly and those suffering severe muscle wasting diseases.
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